莫名堂觀察：國(guó)民警衛(wèi)隊(duì)走上街頭

加拿大安大略省筆譯口譯協(xié)會(huì)（atio）認(rèn)證翻譯、加拿大認(rèn)證esl老師、留學(xué)申請(qǐng)顧問(wèn)。

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加拿大英文教練（原溫哥華英文教練），致力于地道英文表達(dá)

通常，國(guó)民警衛(wèi)隊(duì)（National Guard）走上街頭，都是某地出現(xiàn)緊急狀態(tài)的時(shí)候。而在當(dāng)下美國(guó)的幾個(gè)大城市，如洛杉磯、華盛頓DC，國(guó)民警衛(wèi)隊(duì)卻走上街頭維護(hù)治安，總統(tǒng)特朗普甚至揚(yáng)言，很快會(huì)在芝加哥、巴爾的摩等大城市部署國(guó)民警衛(wèi)隊(duì)。

人們不禁要問(wèn)：維護(hù)治安，難道不是地方當(dāng)局的責(zé)任？當(dāng)?shù)鼐旄墒裁闯缘模亢茱@然，在特朗普政府看來(lái)，這些大城市的治安已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重到當(dāng)?shù)鼐o(wú)法對(duì)付的程度，因而才在沒(méi)有“受邀”的情況下，由聯(lián)邦政府派出國(guó)民警衛(wèi)隊(duì)來(lái)“長(zhǎng)臂管轄”。對(duì)此，特朗普政府的批評(píng)者就指責(zé)政府越權(quán)。我們先來(lái)看一篇美聯(lián)社的原文報(bào)道：

Democratic governors urge Trump to drop plans to send troops to their cities

A letter from the Democratic Governors Association comes amid Trump threats to send troops to Chicago.

Armed National Guard soldiers from West Virginia patrol the Mall.

President Donald Trump has deployed troops to Washington and Los Angeles and threatened to send them other cities led by Democrats in what he has portrayed as an effort to address violent crime, though the soldiers have done little in the way of law enforcement and overall criminality has declined in the U.S. | J. Scott Applewhite/AP

By Gregory Svirnovskiy

08/28/2025 07:25 PM EDT

Democratic governors are urging President Donald Trump to back off his threats to deploy National Guard troops in cities led by his political opponents across the country.

A letter signed by most of the nation’s Democratic governors argues that Trump’s deployment of soldiers ostensibly to aid in civilian law enforcement is unnecessary and illegal.

“Whether it’s Illinois, Maryland and New York or another state tomorrow, the President’s threats and efforts to deploy a state’s National Guard without the request and consent of that state’s governoris an alarming abuse of power, ineffective, and undermines the mission of our service members,” they said in the letter, organized by the Democratic Governors Association.

Trump has deployed troops to Washington and Los Angeles and threatened to send them to Chicago and other cities led by Democrats in what he has portrayed as an effort to address violent crime, though the soldiers have done little in the way of law enforcement and overall criminality has declined in the U.S.

Trump made Washington the face of his crime crackdown in mid-August, taking control of the district’s police force and sending in the National Guard. The president has also floated plans to send the National Guard to Chicago, telling reporters at the Oval Office on Monday that it is “a killing field” and “disaster.”

California Gov. Gavin Newsom on Thursday announced a contrasting plan to send additional California Highway Patrol officers to several cities in the state to assist local law enforcement in addressing auto theft and drug crimes. Trump sent troops to Los Angeles in response to protests over the administration’s deportation agenda in June.

Chicago officials are preparing for the possible arrival of federal troops by dusting off plans they used for last year’s Democratic National Convention.

Four governors — Josh Green of Hawaii, Ned Lamont of Connecticut, Katie Hobbs of Arizona and Tim Walz of Minnesota — did not sign the letter.

“Every American deserves to feel safe in their neighborhood and community,” the governors wrote. “But instead of actually addressing crime, President Trump cut federal funding for law enforcement that states rely on and continues to politicize our military by trying to undermine the executive authority of Governors as Commanders in Chief of their state’s National Guard.”

White House spokesperson Abigail Jackson in a statement accused the Democrats of “doing publicity stunts,” and said their communities would be safer if they focused on combating crime instead of attacking the president.

“They should listen to fellow Democrat Mayor Muriel Bowser who recently celebrated the Trump Administration’s success in driving down violent crime in Washington DC,” she said.

上述報(bào)道的關(guān)鍵句子在于without the request and consent of that state’s governor（未受到該州州長(zhǎng)的請(qǐng)求和同意）… undermine the executive authority of Governors as Commanders in Chief （削弱了州長(zhǎng)們的行政權(quán)力）。特朗普政府有沒(méi)有越權(quán)，我們?cè)诖瞬簧罹俊５业呐袛嗍牵?lián)邦政府有權(quán)在州出現(xiàn)緊急情況時(shí)派國(guó)民警衛(wèi)隊(duì)，但至于如何定義這個(gè)“緊急情況”，存在twilight zone。我之所以說(shuō)不深究越?jīng)]有越權(quán)，在于這次特朗普政府大動(dòng)干戈越俎代庖介入州內(nèi)治安，一方面是這些大城市確實(shí)治安問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重，而當(dāng)?shù)卣蛔鳛椋蚴遣环e極作為。我們可以看到，出來(lái)指責(zé)政府越權(quán)的州都是藍(lán)州，即民主黨控制的州，而這些大城市，如紐約、洛杉磯、芝加哥、巴爾的摩無(wú)一不是由民主黨擔(dān)任市長(zhǎng)的州。因此才有了所謂Democratic Governors Association（民主黨州長(zhǎng)聯(lián)盟）出來(lái)叫板聯(lián)邦政府的事情。應(yīng)該要問(wèn)的問(wèn)題是：為什么這些由民主黨人控制的州，治安問(wèn)題這么嚴(yán)重？民主黨政府為何不對(duì)治安問(wèn)題出重拳？這就涉及到美國(guó)兩黨治國(guó)治州的理念差異。簡(jiǎn)單的邏輯鏈條是這樣的：民主黨倡導(dǎo)族群平等，在移民、難民等問(wèn)題上表現(xiàn)積極，對(duì)奴役、壓制、隔離有色人種的歷史問(wèn)題采取“自罰三杯”的贖罪舉動(dòng)，愿意替祖宗下跪，即使矯枉過(guò)正也在所不惜，在這些州出現(xiàn)對(duì)犯罪，尤其是有色人種犯罪的姑息，投鼠忌器、輕拿輕放也就不足為奇了。至于一些媒體報(bào)道說(shuō)，總統(tǒng)本不應(yīng)該對(duì)此張大其詞，理由是，最近一段時(shí)期以來(lái)，這些州的犯罪比例已有大幅下降。從數(shù)字看，可能是這么回事，但從實(shí)際體驗(yàn)看，不見(jiàn)得。這些大城市我都去過(guò)，有的不止一次兩次，在公共區(qū)域，能明顯感覺(jué)不安全，總擔(dān)心在地鐵上、在馬路上，某些人群會(huì)突然向你沖過(guò)來(lái)從而發(fā)生不測(cè)。在堂堂的世界級(jí)名校芝加哥大學(xué)校園內(nèi)，三步五步就是一個(gè)報(bào)警崗，如果沒(méi)有治安問(wèn)題，何至于如此？難怪芝加哥被稱(chēng)為謀殺之都（murder capital）。自媒體的存在，也揭示出主流媒體報(bào)道刻意回避的問(wèn)題，這些問(wèn)題都指向了美國(guó)大城市治安堪憂的圖景。數(shù)字會(huì)騙人，表明上看，犯罪數(shù)字在下降，但是要知道，民主黨控制的州，是可以控制（比如說(shuō)調(diào)低）立案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，比如加州2014年公投通過(guò)的47號(hào)提案（Proposition 47），大多數(shù)盜竊罪（Theft）只有在被盜財(cái)物價(jià)值超過(guò)950美元時(shí)，才能按重罪（Felony）起訴。如果價(jià)值在950美元及以下，通常只能按輕罪（Misdemeanor）處理。如此以來(lái)，犯罪數(shù)量的下降也可以調(diào)節(jié)，只看數(shù)字，會(huì)被唬住。

另一方面，秩序（order）是特朗普代表的共和黨的傳統(tǒng)主張，相對(duì)于民主黨的自由（liberal），對(duì)大眾依然有感召力。特朗普在這個(gè)時(shí)候出重拳整治大城市的治安，也在于謀求撼動(dòng)民主黨的選票基礎(chǔ)。畢竟，人身安全事關(guān)每一個(gè)人，犯罪分子不會(huì)因?yàn)槟愕耐镀眱A向而有選擇性地犯罪，即使對(duì)于民主黨選民，他們一樣是關(guān)心自身安全的。因此，特朗普此舉，大概率會(huì)收復(fù)一些人心，從政治層面對(duì)他的政府也是有利的。

不過(guò)，也要看到，長(zhǎng)期部署國(guó)民警衛(wèi)隊(duì)也不現(xiàn)實(shí)，畢竟，國(guó)民警衛(wèi)隊(duì)不是全職執(zhí)法隊(duì)伍，這是一支在美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)的、以各地民兵組織（militia）為基礎(chǔ)的治安執(zhí)法隊(duì)伍。他們的本質(zhì)是預(yù)備役，成員都有各自的全職工作，作警衛(wèi)隊(duì)成員只是他們的副業(yè)（part time）。長(zhǎng)時(shí)期、大規(guī)模地部署在美國(guó)大城市，勢(shì)必引發(fā)財(cái)政壓力，難以為繼。我估計(jì)，一陣疾風(fēng)暴雨之后，還得由當(dāng)?shù)鼐邮謥?lái)回歸日常。就怕一陣風(fēng)后故態(tài)復(fù)萌。說(shuō)到底，一切都是政治。

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