高效抗炎又抗氧，超綠茶15倍、比輔酶Q10更強3倍？

本文作者介紹：徐昕昕，時光派主編，報道抗衰與長壽行業一切新鮮事

抗衰大家族中，羥基酪醇是不可忽視的”明星成分“，這種源自橄欖等植物的天然物質，憑借獨特優勢，逐步走進大眾視野。

圖注：羥基酪醇結構式

在羥基酪醇的功效清單里，打擊炎癥、對抗氧化，稱得上是“最出圈的兩大王牌”：精準攻堅——直擊公認加速衰老的兩大重要因素；“喜聞樂見”——炎癥和氧化，抗衰路上誰不怕？

但要說抗炎和抗氧化，也絕不是什么新鮮概念，不少抗衰物質，都要和這倆能力沾點邊，那么羥基酪醇獨特在哪里？

No.1

改善炎癥：源頭到下游，全線操盤

在改善機體炎癥尤其是慢性炎癥上，羥基酪醇可以從源頭到下游因子，全面掌控炎癥。

源頭上，羥基酪醇通過抑制NF-kB，降低iNOS和COX-2等炎癥關聯基因表達，達到抗炎效果[1, 2]。而到了下游，對諸多耳熟能詳的炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6與炎癥過程的趨化因子CXCL10等，羥基酪醇也都能顯著抑制[3, 4]。

No.2

對抗氧化：“救火”也預防，內外兼修

對另一核心功效，抗氧化，羥基酪醇不僅能高效清除自由基，還提升了生物體內如谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶(GPx)、谷胱甘肽還原酶、CAT（過氧化氫酶）等重要抗氧化酶的活性，直接拉升機體抗氧化能力[5]。

抗氧化，羥基酪醇傳之以“魚”，更授之以“漁”

也正因羥基酪醇扎實的抗氧化理論基礎，某商家宣傳時稱其“抗氧化能力是綠茶的十五倍，是輔酶Q10的三倍多”。

圖注：截取國外某健康平臺對商家公開羥基酪醇抗氧化數據的評論

盡管作者我肯定羥基酪醇的抗氧化能力，不過就與其他抗氧化物質的功效對比而言，我認為仍需多中心的交叉實驗去論證。

當我們由表及里去發現，在機制層面，羥基酪醇上調了長壽蛋白SIRT1水平，改善衰老加速生物的健康狀況[6]。并且，無論是否向SIRT1“借道”，羥基酪醇都能顯著促進自噬[7-10]。

以及，對有“生物體長壽開關”之稱的AMPK信號通路，羥基酪醇也能有效激活[11-13]。

圖注：羥基酪醇激活AMPK調節線粒體自噬而改善肝脂肪堆積。圖源[13]

掌控“生命壓艙石”，羥基酪醇毫不意外在多方面表現出自己抗衰上的異稟天賦，大體涵蓋了調節心血管、免疫、呼吸、骨骼、胃腸道、神經系統與抗病毒、癌癥8大方面。

下面我們將選取部分功效與大家分享，如有上述未提且大家感興趣的方面，歡迎評論區交流~

No.1

心血管保護

以人類血液為樣本，羥基酪醇能減少血清血栓素并增加NO產生，表明出優良的抗血小板聚集作用，效果與知名選手阿司匹林接近[14]。

同時，通過抑制血管細胞之間的內皮黏附分子表達，羥基酪醇還具有預防動脈粥樣硬化、降低心血管風險的功效[15]。

No.2

免疫調節

在免疫抑制的動物模型中，羥基酪醇提高了免反應中CD8+和CD2+ T淋巴細胞的表達，可緩解局部的免疫抑制，增強免疫力[16]。

No.3

神經系統改善

對于神經系統，羥基酪醇及其代謝物被發現可有效抑制退行疾病的重要標志——tau蛋白與α-突觸核蛋白的異常沉積與聚集，降低生物大腦炎癥[17-19]，它也是難得能穿過血腦屏障的天然多酚。

其實，羥基酪醇同時也是神經傳導中的重要遞質，多巴胺，在體內的天然代謝產物[20]，這代表這一物質不僅可通過外源補充，也能在機體內生成。

圖注：能讓我們快樂的多巴胺，它的代謝產物就包含羥基酪醇

No.4

呼吸系統調節

在呼吸系統中，羥基酪醇能通過調節自噬、抑制NF-kB信號減輕生物體肺損傷[21, 22]，在肺部纖維化等疾病中有良好的輔助治療功效[23]。

此外，當生物體被動暴露在吸煙環境中，羥基酪醇還能通過降低氧化應激減少大鼠肺部損傷[24]。有了這種物質，我們可能再不用擔憂“二手煙”的危害。

對于羥基酪醇，歐洲食品安全局（EFSA）早在2017年通過條例，認可“認可其作為一種新型食物（安全性良好，在各年齡段、50mg/kg劑量下未見不良反應）。羥基酪醇目前已擁有GRAS（公認安全）與FDA認可的NDI（新型膳食成分）雙重身份認證。

話不說多，今天文章就先寫到這邊，我這就去買了。

參考文獻

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