航空航天技術賦能鐵路：推進鐵路互聯互通、安全保障與數字化轉型

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歐盟鐵路與航天機構深化合作，將衛星通信與定位技術融入未來歐洲鐵路交通管理系統（ERTMS）及未來鐵路移動通信系統（FRMCS）。歐洲鐵路行業正加快應用歐盟太空計劃，以強化鐵路網絡的互聯互通性、安全性與數字化轉型。

由Galileo衛星導航系統和歐洲地球同步衛星導航增強系統（EGNOS）提供的衛星定位技術，已應用于鐵路資產管理、貨車遠程信息處理及信號系統等鐵路場景。Copernicus地球觀測系統通過監測鐵路基礎設施及周邊環境所獲得的數據，為鐵路設施設備的預測性維護提供支撐。歐洲鐵路聯合組織、歐盟太空計劃署與歐盟鐵路局正開展合作，將這些技術能力進行更系統化的整合。

依托歐洲鐵路的科研創新框架，合作各方在提升指揮控制能力的同時，保障未來運營的統一協同。雙方合作的標志性成果為EGNOS4Rail項目，由歐洲鐵路聯合組織、歐盟太空計劃署、歐洲空間局與歐盟鐵路局聯合研發，驗證了衛星定位可安全支撐歐洲列車定位功能。

與此同時，歐洲鐵路交通管理系統的新一代通信層正通過驗證。未來鐵路移動通信系統（FRMCS）由歐盟委員會監督，國際鐵路聯盟與歐盟鐵路局合作開發，旨在替代現有GSM-R系統，為歐洲列車控制系統（ETCS）與語音通信提供安全、大容量的數據骨干網絡。

強化鐵路衛星通信應用

在EGNOS4Rail項目基礎上，歐洲鐵路聯合組織、歐盟鐵路局、歐盟太空計劃署與歐盟委員會組建專家小組，評估歐盟衛星通信在鐵路信號及安全關鍵通信中的應用。小組將分析應用場景、制定系統需求，研究太空通信如何同時支撐高密度干線與區域線路。

該舉措與歐盟更宏觀的衛星互聯與安全基礎設施建設計劃相契合，旨在提升地面覆蓋盲區外的安全性、抗毀性與高速通信能力。對鐵路而言，這將為FRMCS系統增加冗余備份，為低流量線路提供高性價比的ERTMS部署方案。

歐洲鐵路聯合組織執行董事喬治奧·特拉瓦伊尼表示：“該專家小組是未來在鐵路安全關鍵通信與非安全相關通信領域，落地應用歐洲安全太空解決方案的必要第一步?！?/p>

歐盟鐵路局執行董事奧娜·蓋爾吉內斯庫指出，衛星通信（SATCOM）與ERTMS結合，可提升系統抗毀性，為ETCS與語音系統提供安全、冗余的通信通道。歐盟太空計劃署執行董事羅德里戈·達科斯塔補充道，將伽利略、EGNOS與哥白尼系統融入鐵路運營，在提升定位精度、系統韌性與安全性的同時，強化了歐洲的戰略自主。

https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/news/234886/space-enabled-rail-partners-advance-interoperability-safety-and-digital-transformation/

Space-enabled rail partners advance interoperability safety and digital transformation

EU rail and space agencies expand cooperation to embed satellite communications and positioning into future ERTMS and FRMCS systems.

The European rail sector is accelerating adoption of the EU Space Programme to strengthen interoperability, safety and digital transformation across the network.

Satellite-based localisation powered by Galileo and EGNOS is already deployed in rail applications including asset management, wagon telematics and signalling. Copernicus earth observation data is also supporting predictive maintenance by monitoring railway infrastructure and surrounding environments. These capabilities are now being integrated more systematically through collaboration between Europe’s Rail Joint Undertaking, European Union Agency for the Space Programme and European Union Agency for Railways.

This expert group is the needed first step towards a future exploitation of secure space-based European solutions.”

Under the research and innovation framework of Europe’s Rail, partners are enhancing command and control capabilities while ensuring harmonised future operations. A flagship outcome of this cooperation is EGNOS4Rail, developed jointly by Europe’s Rail, EUSPA, European Space Agency and ERA, demonstrating how satellite positioning can safely support train localisation in Europe.

At the same time, the next generation telecommunications layer of the European Rail Traffic Management System is being validated. The Future Railway Mobile Communication System is being developed in cooperation with International Union of Railways and ERA, under the supervision of the European Commission. FRMCS is intended to replace GSM-R and provide the secure, high-capacity data backbone required for ETCS and voice communications.

Strengthening satellite communications in rail

Building on EGNOS4Rail, Europe’s Rail, ERA, EUSPA and the European Commission are establishing an expert group to assess the use of EU satellite-based communications in railway signalling and safety-critical telecommunications. The group will analyse use cases, define system requirements and examine how space-based connectivity can support both high-density corridors and regional lines.

This initiative aligns with broader EU plans to create an Infrastructure for Resilient Interconnectivity and Security by Satellite, designed to enhance security, resilience and high-speed connectivity beyond terrestrial coverage. For rail, this could introduce redundancy within FRMCS and provide cost-effective ERTMS deployment options on lower-traffic routes.

Giorgio Travaini, Executive Director of Europe’s Rail, said: “This expert group is the needed first step towards a future exploitation of secure space-based European solutions for both safety-critical and non-safety-related railway telecommunication.”

Oana Gherghinescu, Executive Director of ERA, noted that SATCOM combined with ERTMS offers an opportunity to boost resilience and provide secure, redundant communication channels for ETCS and voice systems. Rodrigo da Costa, Executive Director of EUSPA, added that integrating Galileo, EGNOS and Copernicus into rail operations is improving accuracy, resilience and safety while reinforcing Europe’s strategic autonomy.

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